Isazi sezibalo esingumGreki u-Alkutas wake wachaza isimiso sezikulufu, izikulufu, nezikulufu.Ngekhulu lokuqala AD, izwe laseMedithera seliqalile ukusebenzisa izikulufu zokhuni, izikulufu nezikulufu emshinini wokunyathelisa ngezikulufu, ezingacindezela amafutha omnqumo eminqumweni, noma ukukhipha ijusi kumagilebhisi ukuze kwenziwe iwayini.Ngaphambi kwekhulu leshumi nanhlanu, izikulufu zensimbi, izikulufu, nezikulufu zazingavamile ukusetshenziswa njengezibophelelo eYurophu.
I-Rybczynski (Rybczynski) yafakazela ukuthi ama-screwdrivers aphethwe ngesandla, ama-screwdriver akhona ngeNkathi Ephakathi (ngonyaka wakamuva we-1580 AD), kodwa kwaze kwaba ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili lapho abambisana khona nokuthengiswa kwezinsimbi ezinezintambo futhi zaqala ukusetshenziswa kabanzi .
Ngaphambi kokuba izibophelelo ezinentambo zisetshenziswe kabanzi, kwakunezindlela eziningi zokubopha ezihlukene.Ikakhulukazi ihlobene nokusebenza ngokhuni nokwenza, kunokucubungula ngomshini.Imiqondo esetshenziswayo injengamadowels namaphini, amaweji, ama-mortises, amajuba, izinzipho, ukubumba nokushisela, nokunye okuboshwe ndawonye ngesikhumba noma i-fiber.Ngaphambi maphakathi nekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, izikhonkwane ze-cotter, amaphinikhodi noma ama-rivets asetshenziselwa ukwakha umkhumbi.Ngaleso sikhathi, izinto zokunamathisela zazikhona, kodwa zazingekho izinhlobo eziningi njenganamuhla.
Ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili, kwakukhona amathuluzi omshini ayekwazi ukukhiqiza izikulufu, izikulufu, nezikulufu.Izikulufu zensimbi, izikulufu, nezikulufu zaba yizinto zokubopha ezivame ukusetshenziswa.Lobu buchwepheshe bathuthukiswa ngeminyaka yawo-1760 kanye nawo-1770, kulandela izinqubo ezimbili ezihlukene.Indlela, kodwa ihlanganiswe ngokushesha: izikulufu zokhuni, izikulufu, izikulufu (izikulufu zensimbi, izikulufu, izikulufu ezisetshenziselwa ukulungisa ukhuni) zicutshungulwa ngenjongo eyodwa, amathuluzi omshini okhiqiza kakhulu, kanye nevolumu ephansi, ukukhiqizwa kwesitolo sokubumba izikulufu zentambo engu-V. , izikulufu, izikulufu, ungakhetha izinhlobonhlobo zama-pitches ahlukene.
Indlela yokuqala yenqubo eshiwo ngenhla yahlongozwa okokuqala ngabazalwane uJobe noWilliam Wyatt base-Staffordshire, eNgilandi.Bafake isicelo selungelo lobunikazi ngo-1760, elingabizwa ngokuthi isikulufu kakhulu.Isikulufu, inguqulo yangaphambili yomshini wesikulufu, sisebenzisa isikulufu sokuhola ukuze siqondise i-blade yokusika ukuze sikhiqize iphimbo elidingekayo.I-screw groove ikhiqizwa ifayela elijikelezayo, futhi i-spindle yayimile ngaleso sikhathi.Kwaze kwaba ngo-1776 lapho bakha khona isikulufu sokuqala sokusebenza ngokhuni, isikulufu, nefektri yesikulufu, base beqala ukusebenza.Ibhizinisi labo lehlulekile, kodwa ukusebenza komnikazi omusha kwaba ngcono.Ngeminyaka yawo-1780, izikulufu, izikulufu, nezikulufi eziyi-16,000 zakhiqizwa ngosuku, zidinga abasebenzi abangu-30 kuphela.Ukukhiqiza kanye nokukhiqiza kwalokhu kukhiqizwa kwezimboni kungamazinga amanje embonini, kodwa Kwaba impumelelo eguquguqukayo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umenzi wamathuluzi waseBrithani u-Jesse Ramsdon (1735-1800) naye wayezibandakanya nomsebenzi wamathuluzi, futhi wahlangabezana nenkinga yokusika isikulufu, isikulufu, ukusika isikulufu.Ngo-1777, wasungula umshini wokuqala owanelisayo.Isikulufa i-lathe.Unjiniyela waseBrithani uHenry Mozley (1771-1831) wayedume ngokwenza lobu buchwepheshe budume ngezikulufu zakhe.Izintambo eziyisikulufa ezisetshenzisiwe bezingu-1797 no-1800, okuhlanganisa izikulufu zokuhola, izihlalo ezishelelayo, namagiya ahlukahlukene.Amasethi amagiya wonke ayizilinganiso ezijwayelekile zokukhiqizwa kwezimboni.Wahlanganisa izindlela zokukhiqiza izikulufu, izikulufu, nezikulufo ngabakwaWhitney Brothers noRamsdon, futhi wasebenzisa izindlela esezivele kukhiqizwa izikulufu, izikulufu, nezikulufu zemishini ukuze kukhiqizwe izikulufu zemishini, izikulufu, nezikulufu, ezagqugquzela ukuthengiswa kwemishini. ukukhiqizwa.Inkampani yakhe isewuphawu oluhamba phambili lwamathuluzi omshini eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva.Unjiniyela wase-Scottish u-James Nasmith wamelela kabi ukuthi u-Mozley "wasungula" isihlalo esishelelayo.Lokhu bekungalungile.U-Mozley wenza i-lathe yaduma.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-06-2021